Hamiltonian method in classical electrodynamics in a vacuum. Quantization. Photons and virtual photons. Does uniformly moving electron radiate? The reaction of the radiation in the gradual movement of charge. The rotation of the magnetic moment (oblique magnetic rotator). Radiation and radiation force in the uniformly accelerated motion of the charge. Relativistic equation of motion, taking into account the radiation reaction. The law of conservation of energy for charge and field. Characteristics of radiation of nonrelativistic and relativistic particles moving in a vacuum. Motion in a magnetic field. Reaction of the radiation and applicability limits of the classical theory. Radiation (magnetic braking) loss in the motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field. Characteristics of synchrotron radiation. Some applications of the synchrotron radiation theory in astrophysics. The limits of the theory applicability. Hamiltonian method. The photons in the medium. Oscillator radiation in isotropic and anisotropic media. Cherenkov radiation. Doppler effect. Ondulator in the environment. Characteristics of radiation of particles moving in the environment. Synchrotron radiation in the plasma. The vacuum in a strong electro-magnetic field as double refracting environment. Vavilov-Cherenkov effect and the Doppler effect in a quantum point of view. The reaction of the radiation in the environment. Cherenkov radiation and absorption of waves in isotropic and magnetoactive plasma. Cherenkov radiation of dipoles. The radiation in the channels and cracks. Applying the theorem of reciprocity. The nature of the transition radiation and transition scattering. Transition radiation at the boundary between two media. Transition radiation in a nonstationary environment. The zone of radiation formation. The energy balance in transition radiation. Transitional scattering. The seemingly and real superluminal speeds of radiation sources. Vavilov-Cherenkov effect and Doppler effect when the sources move with speed, greater than speed of light in a vacuum. Reabsorption and maser effect (increasing waves). The equations of radiation transfer. The method of Einstein coefficients and its application in the polarized radiation. Reabsorption and increasing of synchrotron radiation in vacuum and in the presence of cold plasma. On account of spatial dispersion. Normal waves in anizoropic environment. Some effects of spatial dispersion in crystal optics. About polaritons. Permittivity of plasma (elementary and kinetic theory). Propagation in homogeneous isotropic plasma and in homogeneous magnetoactive plasma. On the energy-momentum tensor and the forces in a macroscopic electrodynamics. Application of conservation laws of energy and momentum in the emission of electromagnetic waves (photons) in the environment. The forces acting on the environment. Energy density and the heat released in the dispersive absorbing environment. On the inverted medium. Fluctuations in the electrical circuit. Thermal radiation in the environment. Molecular (van der Waals) forces between macroscopic bodies. The interaction of electrons with the field in the hollow resonator. Scattering of electromagnetic waves (light) in the environment. The width of the lines in the spectrum of radiation and the spectrum of scattered radiation. Raman scattering with the formation of polaritons (real excitons). Scattering by free electrons in the plasma. Transitional scattering plasma. Introductory remarks. Model of cosmic rays origin. Overview of the issues. Ionization energy loss. About bunch volatility and plasma effects in cosmic rays. Transport equation in diffusion approximation. Simplifications of the transport equation in the case of proton-nuclear and electronic components. Some estimates. The processes leading to the formation of X-ray and gamma-rays. Definition of variables used in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. The braking X-radiation of nonrelativistic ionized gas (plasma). Bremsstrahlung of relativistic electrons and braking (radiative) energy loss. Scattering of relativistic electrons by photons (inverse Compton effect). Compton energy losses. On the synchrotron X-ray radiation. Remarks on the comparison of theory with observations. Gamma-rays, generated by proton-nuclear component of cosmic rays. Example of Magellanic clouds and the interstellar medium. The absorption of X-ray and gamma-rays.   REFERENCES V.L. Ginzburg. Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics. M. : Nauka, 1981