Introduction: objects, scales Methods of distance determinaiton Hierarchical structure Hubble expansion Geometry of the Universe Cosmological principle Robertson-Walker metric Red shift Friedmann models Cosmological constant Horizons Recombination and cosmic ray background Spectrum transformation under free expansion Hot Universe Saha formula and eviations from it in expanding Universe Planck spectrum distortion Reionization Zeldovich-Sunyaev effect Cosmic ray background anisotropy Dipole and short-scale anisotropy Doppler peaks Sachs-Wolfe effect Silk damping Nucleosynthesis Temperature history of the Universe Jeans theory Fluctuation growth in the expanding Universe Formation of galaxies Dark matter Pros. Candidates Gravitational lenses and microlensing Zeldovich–Harrison spectrum Zeldovich pancakes Gurevich–Zybin theory   LITERATURE: S. Weinberg. Gravitation and Cosmology L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz. Field Theory Ya.B. Zeldovich, I.D. Novikov. Structure and Evolution of the Universe F.J.A. Peebles. Large-scale Structure of the Universe Perlmutter et al. Ap.J. 517, 565 (1999) – cosmological constant A.D. Chernin. (UFN) 171(11), 1153-1175 (2001) Kurt, Zeldovich, Sunyaev. JETP 55(1) 278 (1968) - recombination Zeldovich, Sunyaev. Comments on Astrophys. and Space Phys. v.2, 173 (1970) – Zeldovich–Sunyaev effect J.Silk. Ap.J. 151, 459 (1968) S.Weinberg. Ap.J. 168, 175 (1971) - Silk damping Sachs, Wolfe. Aph.J. 147, 73 (1967) - Sachs-Wolfe effect P.de Bernardis et al. astro-ph/0011468 - observations of anisotropy of cosmic ray background Ishkhanov, Kapitonov, Tyutin. Nucleosynthesis in the Universe