Introduction Observable ranges Earth-based and space observatories Distance and time in astronomy Basic unsolved problems (nature of dark matter, sources of g-bursts ) Solar system Planets and satellites Elements of orbit (synodic, sidereal, draconic and anomalistic periods) Planetary magnethospheres Saturn rings and asteroids Saros The Sun Atmosphere and photosphere Lines, origin of broadening, growth curve Transport equation, darkening towards the edge Corona, active regions Stars Spectral grading Magnitudes Hertzprung-Russel diagram Chemical composition Evolution Double stars Visually and spectrally double systems Elements of orbit, mass function Pulsar PSR 1913+16 and gravitational radiation Galactic black hole candidates Inner structure of stars Stars of the main sequence Giants White dwarfs , Chandrasekhar limit Neutron stars Compact objects Radiopulsars: magnetosphere structure braking mechanism hollow cone model X-ray pulsars: magnetosphere structure accretion disks Non-stationary processes Cepheids and oscillatory instability of stars Novae Supernovae Diffuse matter Interstellar dust Gaseous component HI and HII regions Maser sources Molecular clouds Cosmic rays Galaxies Grading Evolution Structure Active galactic cores Quasars, radiogalaxies, BL Lac. Unified model Cosmology Jeans instability Clusters and superclusters Inflation model   LITERATURE: D.Ya. Martynov. General Astrophysics V.M. Lipunov. Astrophysics of Neutron Stars S. Shapiro, S. Teukolsky. Black holes, white dwarfs and neutron stars I.S. Shklovsky. Stars